Baden-Württembergs erster schwarzer Bürgermeister

Ein Ort bei Heidelberg hat den ersten schwarzen Bürgermeister Baden-Württembergs gewählt. John Ehret war schon als Kind ein Star in der Gemeinde Mauer, arbeitete später beim BKA. Seine Hautfarbe war nie ein Problem, sagt er. Heute tritt der 40-Jährige sein Amt an.

von Jan Söfjer (spiegel online) (gekürzt)

John Ehret hat kaum Wahlkampf gemacht. Er hat keine Plakate aufgehängt, keine Hochglanz-Broschüren in die Briefkästen geworfen, keine Klinken geputzt und erst als letzter von fünf Bewerbern seine Kandidatur bekannt gegeben. Trotzdem holte er in der Stichwahl 58,1 der Stimmen. Das früher so konservative Baden-Württemberg hat nun nicht nur einen grünen Ministerpräsidenten, sondern auch einen schwarzen Bürgermeister – den ersten im Bundesland. Diesen Freitag tritt er in der 4000-Seelen-Gemeinde Mauer bei Heidelberg seinen Dienst an.

John Ehret ist einerseits ein “Bub aus Mauer”, wie kein Zweiter. Und doch ist der 40-Jährige auch ganz anders. Sein leiblicher Vater war als US-Soldat in Karlsruhe stationiert, ein Schwarzer. Mehr weiß Ehret über ihn nicht. Seine Mutter war gebürtige Deutsche. Sie erkrankte an einem Hirntumor, wie man ihm später sagte, und gab ihren Sohn mit zwei Jahren in ein Heim.
John Ehret hatte keine guten Startchancen im Leben. Dass er sie doch bekam, verdankt er der Familie Ehret aus Mauer, die ihn mit sechs Jahren adoptierte und ihm ein bürgerliches Zuhause gab. Der kleine John war der Star im Ort, der einzige Schwarze. Im Fußballverein nannten sie ihn Pelé. Sein neuer Vater war als Gemeinderat der SPD ein angesehener Mann in Mauer – einem Ort, der keine nennenswerten sozialen Probleme kannte. Nie, so sagt John Ehret, hatte er Probleme wegen seiner Hautfarbe, oft wurde sie nicht einmal richtig bemerkt. (Veräter anmerk. d. red)
Kommissar Ehret im Auslandseinsatz

Beim Bundeskriminalamt, bei dem er eine Ausbildung zum Kommissar und Diplom-Verwaltungswirt machte, schickten ihn seine Vorgesetzten einmal sogar als Beobachter zu einem Neonazi-Konzert und bedachten offenbar nicht, dass seine Hautfarbe ein Problem sein könnte. Fast 20 Jahre war er beim BKA (als erster Schwarzer natürlich), zuletzt in der Abteilung für politisch motivierte Ausländerkriminalität.
Mehrmals war er in Auslandseinsätzen: im Auftrag der Vereinten Nationen als Ermittler von Anschlägen im Libanon, als Mentor in Sarajevo für den Aufbau der Finanzermittlungsbehörde und als Berater für den Neuaufbau der Polizei in Afghanistan. Von BKA-Chef Ziercke erhielt er dafür die Afghanistan-Spange.
John Ehret ist ein Mann, der viel gesehen hat. Trotzdem oder vielleicht gerade deshalb war er seinem Heimatörtchen immer sehr verbunden. “Als ich sah, dass ein neuer Bürgermeister gesucht wurde, weil der alte ein Amt in einer Nachbarstadt annahm, zögerte ich nicht lange.” Doch Ehret “wollte sich nicht aufdrängen”, wie er sagt. Er ließ nur Flyer drucken und ging zur Kandidatenvorstellung in die örtliche Turnhalle.

Plötzlich ein VorbildEhret sagt, mit dem Obama-Slogan habe er nur ausdrücken wollen, dass er gemeinsam mit den Bürgern die politische Zukunft gestalten wolle.

Am Wahlabend des 6. Mai versammelten sich 400 Menschen vor dem Rathaus in Mauer. Um 18.45 Uhr nahm der Gemeinderat und stellvertretende Bürgermeister Joachim Frühauf das Mikrofon in die Hand, verkündete erst das Wahlergebnis und dann den Sieger. Beifall, Jubel, Freudentränen. Ehret umarmte seine Frau. “Egal ob ihr mich beim Bäcker, beim Einkaufen oder beim Spazierengehen trefft, bitte erzählt mir, wo der Schuh drückt”, sagte Ehret auf der Bühne. Doch zunächst will er in seine Aufgaben hineinwachsen.

Und dann ist da auch noch die andere Sache. Plötzlich ist er, der nie gegen Diskriminierung kämpfen musste, ein Vorbild für schwarze Menschen in Deutschland, jemand, der zeigt, was möglich, ja normal geworden ist im Land. Vorkämpfer für die Sache der Schwarzen in Deutschland möchte er dann aber doch nicht sein, sagt er. “Dafür fühle ich mich zu deutsch.”

Progress 48 Reaches the ISS

Officials at the Russian Federal Space Agency(RosCosmos) announce that the Progress 48 space capsule reached the International Space Station(ISS) earlier today. What is so special about this particular resupply mission is that the spacecraft docked to the station less than six hours after launch. (from google)

This was the first flight that attempted a new launch and navigation procedure. Usually, Russian Progress and Soyuz capsules take up to two days to track down the orbital lab, before they dock.

Progress 48 launched aboard a Soyuz delivery system from the Baikonur Cosmodrome, in Kazakhstan, at 3:35 pm EDT (1935 GMT), on Thursday, August 1. Its automated docking system saw it latching on the ISS Pirs module at 9:19 pm EDT (0119 GMT), on August 2, less than six hours later.

The successful test of the new flight approach will be very appreciated by astronauts. Currently, all crew rotations aboard the station are handled through Russian Soyuz capsule. These vehicles carry three astronauts at one time, who spend 48 hours crammed up in a tiny space.

RosCosmos orbital engineers have developed the new paths for the capsules so that the flight is made as comfortable as possible for the crew. It was first tested on Progress 48 because this is an unmanned, resupply flight.

The cargo capsule carries food, water, scientific experiments, propellant for the ISS thrusters, and personal items for the six astronauts making up the Expedition 32 crew, Space reports.

The Russians are “looking to eventually take this into the Soyuz phase. If you can get the crew to orbit in six hours and onboard the International Space Station, that could be a tremendous benefit over the two-plus days it takes today,” NASA ISS operations and integration manager, Dan Harman, said.

In addition to extra comfort for the crew, the capsules themselves could carry more cargo, since the amount of fuel currently needed for two days of travel could be eliminated.

“The quicker rendezvous that you have, the less consumables you would need for the first day, and the better crew comfort in a small capsule,” ISS flight director Chris Edelen added.

The official says that same-day launch and docking procedures are very complex, and require tremendous amounts of calculations. Both the launching spacecraft and the ISS have to be in very precise positions when liftoff occurs.

Progress 48 is scheduled to remain docked to the ISS until December. After undocking, it will be purposefully destroyed in the upper atmosphere.

World’s largest gamma-ray telescope in Namibia

The largest and most sensitive gamma-ray telescope in the world is at present being built 100 km west of Windhoek in the Khomas Highland of Namibia, an area well-known for its excellent optical quality. Construction on the foundations started in August 2000, and the high energy stereoscopic system telescope (HESS) should be fully operational in 2002.
from News@NRF

Professor Christo Raubenheimer of the Potchefstroom University is the driving force behind the building of the telescope in southern Africa. The HESS project is the result of international cooperation between 12 institutes, including the Unit for Space Physics at Potchefstroom. The Unit was allocated an annual amount of R240 000 per year for 10 years from the Department of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology, administered by the NRF, for the project. The University of Namibia is the only other African institution involved in HESS, while the other collaborators are from Germany, France, Italy, Armenia, Ireland, the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom.

Two unique features of the proposed installation are the possibility of simultaneously observing air showers with the aid of three to four telescopes under widely different viewing angles; and the combination of multiple (up to 16) telescopes in a large system to increase the effective detection area for gamma rays. The first four telescopes (phase I of the HESS project) are expected to go into operation in 2001 and 2002. HESS will supplement the facilities of the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) that is being constructed in the Northern Cape. Local astronomers and those from abroad should benefit from the excellent facilities available in southern Africa once these telescopes have been completed.

The rise of graphene

Graphene is a rapidly rising star on the horizon of materials science and condensed-matter physics. This strictly two-dimensional material exhibits exceptionally high crystal and electronic quality, and, despite its short history, has already revealed a cornucopia of new physics and potential applications, which are briefly discussed here. Whereas one can be certain of the realness of applications only when commercial products appear, graphene no longer requires any further proof of its importance in terms of fundamental physics. Owing to its unusual electronic spectrum, graphene has led to the emergence of a new paradigm of ‘relativistic’ condensed-matter physics, where quantum relativistic phenomena, some of which are unobservable in high-energy physics, can now be mimicked and tested in table-top experiments. More generally, graphene represents a conceptually new class of materials that are only one atom thick, and, on this basis, offers new inroads into low-dimensional physics that has never ceased to surprise and continues to provide a fertile ground for applications.

by A. K. GEIM AND K. S. NOVOSELOV from Nature (truncated)

Graphene is the name given to a flat monolayer of carbon atoms tightly packed into a two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb lattice, and is a basic building block for graphitic materials of all other dimensionalities. It can be wrapped up into 0D fullerenes, rolled into 1D nanotubes or stacked into 3D graphite. Theoretically, graphene (or ‘2D graphite’) has been studied for sixty years, and is widely used for describing properties of variouscarbon-based materials. Forty years later, it was realized that graphene also provides an excellent condensed-matter analogue of (2+1)-dimensional quantum electrodynamics, which propelled graphene into a thriving theoretical toy model. On the other hand, although known as an integral part of 3D materials, graphene was presumed not to exist in the free state, being described as an ‘academic’ material and was believed to be unstable with respect to the formation of curved structures such as soot, fullerenes and nanotubes. Suddenly, the vintage model turned into reality, when free-standing  graphene was unexpectedly found three years ago — and especially when the follow-up experiments confirmed that its charge carriers were indeed massless Dirac fermions. So, the graphene ‘gold rush’ has begun.

In the absence of quality graphene wafers, most experimental groups are currently using samples obtained by micromechanical cleavage of bulk graphite, the same technique that allowed the isolation of graphene for the first time. After fine-tuning, the technique now provides high-quality graphene crystallites up to 100 μm in size, which is sufficient for most research purposes. Superficially, the technique looks no more sophisticated than drawing with a piece of graphite8 or its repeated peeling with adhesive tape until the thinnest flakes are found. A similar approach was tried by other groups but only graphite flakes 20 to 100 layers thick were found.

At low temperatures, all metallic systems with high resistivity should inevitably exhibit large quantum-interference (localization) magnetoresistance, eventually leading to the metal–insulator transition at σ ≈ e2/h. Such behaviour was thought to be universal,
but it was found missing in graphene.

Despite the reigning optimism about graphene-based electronics, ‘graphenium’ microprocessors are unlikely to appear for the next 20 years. In the meantime, many other graphene-based applications are likely to come of age. In this respect, clear parallels with nanotubes allow a highly educated guess of what to expect soon. The most immediate application for graphene is probably its use in composite materials. Indeed, it has been demonstrated that a graphene powder of uncoagulated micrometre-size crystallites can be produced in a way scaleable to mass production. This allows conductive plastics at less than one volume percent filling, which in combination with low production costs makes graphene-based composite materials attractive for a variety of uses. However, it seems doubtful that such composites can match the mechanical strength of their nanotube counterparts because of much stronger entanglement in the latter case. Another enticing possibility is the use of graphene powder in electric batteries that are already one of the main markets for graphite. An ultimately large surface-to-volume ratio and high conductivity provided by graphene powder can lead to improvements in the efficiency of batteries, taking over from the carbon nanofibres used
in modern batteries. Carbon nanotubes have also been considered for this application but graphene powder has an important advantage of being cheap to produce. One of the most promising applications for nanotubes is field emitters, and although there have been no reports yet about such use of graphene, thin graphite flakes were used in plasma displays (commercial prototypes) long before graphene was isolated, and many patents were filed on this subject. It is likely that graphene powder can offer even more superior emitting properties. Carbon nanotubes have been reported to be an excellent material for solid-state gas sensors but graphene offers clear advantages in this particular direction. Spin-valve and superconducting fieldeffect transistors are also obvious research targets, and recent reports describing a hysteretic  magnetoresistance and substantial bipolar supercurrents prove graphene’s major potential for these applications. An extremely weak spin-orbit coupling and the absence of hyperfine interaction in 12C-graphene make it an excellent if not ideal material for making spin qubits. This guarantees graphene-based quantum computation to become an active research area. Finally, we cannot omit mentioning hydrogen storage, which has been an active but controversial subject for nanotubes. It has already been suggested that graphene is capable of absorbing a large amount of hydrogen, and experimental efforts in this direction are duly expected.

It has been just a few years since graphene was first reported, and despite remarkably rapid progress, only the very tip of the iceberg has been uncovered so far. Because of the short timescale, most experimental groups working now on graphene have not published even a single paper on the subject, which has been a truly frustrating experience for theorists. This is to say that, at this time, no review can possibly be complete. Nevertheless, the research directions explained here should persuade even die-hard
sceptics that graphene is not a fleeting fashion but is here to stay, bringing up both more exciting physics, and perhaps even wideranging applications.

Ghanaian President John Atta Mills dies in office

John Evans Fifii Atta Mills (21 July 1944 – 24 July 2012) the former Ghanaian politician who was President of Ghana from 2009 until his death in 2012. He was inaugurated on 7 January 2009, having defeated the ruling party candidate Nana Akufo-Addo in the 2008 election.He was Vice-President from 1997 to 2001 under President Jerry Rawlings, and stood unsuccessfully in the 2000 and 2004 presidential elections as the candidate of the National Democratic Congress (NDC). He died  24 July 2012 at the 37 Military Hospital in Accra. He is the first Ghanaian head of state to die in office.

Ghanaian President John Atta Mills was said to spread the wealth from Ghana’s newly discovered offshore oil fields, but his death came before the 68-year-old could finish his first term in this West African nation still held up as a model of democracy.

Ghanaian state-run television stations broke into their regular programming to announce the president’s death. Chief of Staff John Henry Martey Newman informed the nation about his death at a military hospital in the capital. The 37 Military Hospital was initially built during the second world war. The hospital mainly provided healthcare to the military. It has recently had a big expansion and caters for all kinds of cases. It now caters for the general public as well. No details were provided about the cause of death, but some news accounts said he had throat cancer. Vice President John Mahama was sworn in Tuesday to complete the last 5months of Mr. Mills’s term.

Chris Fomunyoh, the senior director for Africa for the Washington-based National Democratic Institute for International Affairs, said that Ghana’s democracy could weather the death of a president.

In other nations in West Africa, the death of a ruler usually spells a coup, as it did in Guinea after the 2008 death of longtime dictator Lansana Conte, and Togo, where the military seized power after the president’s death in 2005 to install his son.

Ghana, whose economy has been fueled by gold, cocoa and timber exports in the past, hopes to put its oil money to good use, mindful of how nearby Nigeria suffered through military dictatorships and widespread corruption over its oil wealth.

Mr. Mills even put up campaign posters of himself standing next to a cutout of Barack Obama in an effort to emphasize that he, too, stood for change.

In March, Mr. Mills traveled to the United States, where he met with President Obama. The Ghanaian leader also traveled to the United States in April as well, as rumors about his health began to circulate in Ghana. Opposition newspapers had recently reported that he was not well enough to run for a second term.

Mr. Mills also served as vice president under Jerry Rawlings, a coup leader who was later elected president by popular vote and surprised the world by stepping down after losing the 2000 election.

John Evans Atta Mills was born July 21, 1944, in Tarkwa, Ghana. He spent much of his career teaching at the University of Ghana. He earned a doctorate from London’s School of Oriental and African Studies before becoming a Fulbright scholar at Stanford University in Palo Alto, Calif.

Survivors include his wife, the former Ernestina Naadu, and a son.

Egypt’s president names new prime minister

CAIRO  — Egypt’s president on Tuesday appointed a young, independent U.S.-educated Cabinet minister as the new premier, assigned to turn the nation’s economy and internal security around after 17 months of instability and protests.
Kandil is the minister of water resources and irrigation in the outgoing military-appointed government.

by Agence Presse (from yahoo)

The designation of Hesham Kandil comes nearly a month after President Mohammed Morsi of the Muslim Brotherhood was sworn in as Egypt’s first freely elected civilian president. The time it took just to select a prime minister reflects the difficulties Morsi has had in putting together an administration.

“Patience is required,” Kandil said in a short televised address after his appointment was announced. Delivering what he said was a shared message from him and the president, Kandil called for unity and expressed confidence that the Egyptian people would overcome serious challenges.

The military, which took power after the ouster of President Hosni Mubarak last year, still holds the final say over much of Egypt’s governing, leaving it unclear what the new prime minister’s powers will be.

Still in doubt is whether Kandil and Morsi will be able to name the heads of key ministries overseeing foreign relations, state budgets and security forces, where there is deep resistance to the Brotherhood president. Already the military has said that it, not the civilian government, appoints the defense minister.

Kandil, an engineer in his 40s, will have to consult with the president before naming Cabinet ministers.

Morsi had promised to pick someone from outside the Brotherhood to lead a unity government that would include other political factions. Kandil does not have any affiliation with Islamist groups or political parties, state TV said.

Kandil is believed to be religious on a personal level, wearing a light beard and interspersing his past comments to the news media with religious references.

Emad Gad of the liberal Social Democratic Party said many of the people suggested for prime minister did not want the job because they felt the post would be just a vehicle to execute Morsi’s Muslim Brotherhood’s program, known as “the Renaissance project,” aimed at overhauling the government and economy.

Gad said he believes the Brotherhood’s executive council had considerable say in Kandil’s selection.

“They brought in someone who is not from the Brotherhood, but whose ideology is similar,” he said.

Morsi’s spokesman, Yasser Ali, said the “the appointment of a patriotic, independent figure was studied and discussed” in order to find someone capable of managing the current situation.

The spokesman for the ultraconservative Islamic Al-Nour Party said Kandil’s selection came as a surprise, but he is an acceptable choice.

“He has many issues to deal with, starting with lawlessness,” Yousseri Hamad said. Al-Nour indicated it would consider joining the new government if asked.

Kandil is the minister of water resources and irrigation in the outgoing military-appointed government. He earned his masters and doctorate degrees at the University of North Carolina and worked at the African Development Bank, focusing on Nile Basin countries. He was part of an observer mission for Egypt in talks with Sudan on Nile River water issues.

He was brought into the government after Mubarak’s fall, serving under Prime Minister Kamal el-Ganzouri, 78, a Mubarak-era prime minister reappointed to the post by the military in late 2011.

Differences between the Brotherhood, which held the most seats in parliament before the legislature was dissolved last month, and the outgoing Cabinet has so far cost Egypt a vital inflow of financial assistance.

Because of the turmoil in the country, which dried up tourism and foreign investments, Egypt’s foreign currency reserves dropped by more than one-half since the popular uprising. Cairo asked the International Monetary Fund for a $3.2 billion aid package. The IMF insists on political consensus in Cairo before approving the loan.

The Brotherhood has been at odds with the Cabinet’s spending and repaying scheme for the loan, and that has stalled its approval.

Since Morsi’s win, the Brotherhood has also been squeezed by the military’s grip on authority. Just before he took office, the military dissolved parliament, which was led by the Brotherhood and other Islamists, and the generals took over legislative powers as well as other points of authority.

Although Morsi’s spokesman on Tuesday reiterated the president’s support for a unity government that brings in a vast array of political forces, some in the opposition want no part in it.

Gad said his Social Democratic Party, which won just a handful of seats in parliament, will not join the new government because its failures and successes should be the Brotherhood’s alone to shoulder.

“They have their own Renaissance project that they want to execute. We are not convinced of their program, so we will not take part in it,” Gad said.