Meteorite hits central Russia, more than 500 people hurt

More than 500 people were injured when a meteorite shot across the sky and exploded over central Russia on Friday, sending fireballs crashing to Earth, shattering windows and damaging buildings. (from yahoo.com)

People heading to work in Chelyabinsk heard what sounded like an explosion, saw a bright light and then felt a shockwave according to a Reuters correspondent in the industrial city 1,500 km (950 miles) east of Moscow.

A fireball blazed across the horizon, leaving a long white trail in its wake which could be seen as far as 200 km (125 miles) away in Yekaterinburg. Car alarms went off, windows shattered and mobile phone networks were interrupted.

“I was driving to work, it was quite dark, but it suddenly became as bright as if it was day,” said Viktor Prokofiev, 36, a resident of Yekaterinburg in the Urals Mountains.

“I felt like I was blinded by headlights,” he said.

No fatalities were reported but President Vladimir Putin, who was due to host Finance Ministry officials from the Group of 20 nations in Moscow, and Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev were informed.

A local ministry official said such incidents were extremely rare and Friday’s events might have been linked to an asteroid the size of an Olympic swimming pool due to pass Earth at a distance of 27,520 km (17,100 miles) but this was not confirmed.

Russia’s space agency Roscosmos said the meteorite was travelling at a speed of 30 km (19 miles) per second and that such events were hard to predict. The Interior Ministry said the meteorite explosion had caused a sonic boom.

Russia’s Emergencies Ministry said 514 people had sought medical help, mainly for light injuries caused by flying glass, and that 112 of those were kept in hospital. Search groups were set up to look for the remains of the meteorite.

“There have never been any cases of meteorites breaking up at such a low level over Russia before,” said Yuri Burenko, head of the Chelyabinsk branch of the Emergencies Ministry.

Windows were shattered on Chelyabinsk’s central Lenin Street and some of the frames of shop fronts buckled.

A loud noise, resembling an explosion, rang out at around 9.20 a.m. (12:20 a.m. ET). The shockwave could be felt in apartment buildings in the industrial city’s center.

“I was standing at a bus stop, seeing off my girlfriend,” said Andrei, a local resident who did not give his second name. “Then there was a flash and I saw a trail of smoke across the sky and felt a shockwave that smashed windows.”

A wall was damaged at the Chelyabinsk Zinc Plant but a spokeswoman said there was no environmental threat.

Although such events are rare, a meteorite is thought to have devastated an area of more than 2,000 sq km (1,250 miles) in Siberia in 1908, smashing windows as far as 200 km (125 miles) from the point of impact.

The Emergencies Ministry described Friday’s events as a “meteor shower in the form of fireballs” and said background radiation levels were normal. It urged residents not to panic.

Chelyabinsk city authorities urged people to stay indoors unless they needed to pick up their children from schools and kindergartens. They said what sounded like a blast had been heard at an altitude of 10,000 meters (32,800 feet).

The U.S. space agency NASA has said an asteroid known as 2012 DA14, about 46 meters in diameter, would have an encounter with Earth closer than any asteroid since scientists began routinely monitoring them about 15 years ago.

Television, weather and communications satellites fly about 500 miles higher. The moon is 14 times farther away.

Strong 6.8 quake hits remote Siberia region

A strong 6.8 magnitude earthquake shook Thursday the remote and largely uninhabited Sakha region in Russia’s eastern Siberia, ITAR-TASS quoted the local emergency ministry service as saying.(from globalpost.com)

There were no immediate reports of damage or injuries from the quake, whose epicentre was recorded 300 kilometres (185 miles) north of the northeastern Sakha village of Ust-Nera.

The tremor struck 10 kilometres (six miles) below ground at 5:13 Moscow time (1313 GMT), the Sakha emergency ministry said.

The US Geological Survey estimated the quake at magnitude 6.6.

News reports said the quake could not be felt in the vast region’s main city of Yakutsk, which has a population of 270,000.

Speculation on pope’s successor turns to Africa, Latin America

Pope Benedict XVI’s decision to resign has rekindled debate within the Catholic Church and worldwide speculation about the possibility that the church will reach beyond the European clergy who have long held power in the Vatican to choose the next pope.

With an eye to vibrant Catholic communities in Africa, Latin America and Southeast Asia, the Sacred College of Cardinals may weigh the pros and cons of selecting the next pope from another continent.

Open Sourced LENR Effort Shows Some Success

The open-sourced low energy nuclear reaction (LENR) effort called the Martin Fleischmann Memorial Project is showing some success. These successes include: replication of Francesco Celani’s wire reactor by the Hunt Utilities Group in the United States and Mathieu Valat who is working at an unidentified location in Europe. (from energycatalyzer3.com)

 

The results from the tests have been posted online for all to see. The European test has apparently generated five watts of energy. The organization is working with Celani’s reactor because he so far has been the only LENR scientist to supply them with his technology.

Interestingly enough the project’s facilitators admit that they are keen to purchase a 1 megawatt (megawatt of heat) gas-fired ecat unit from Andrea Rossi’s Leonardo Corporation. They would like to place in a war veterans hydrotherapy rehabilitation center. They would certify it first. This would seem to indicate military involvement or a desire to get the military involved.

The Project’s website indicates that the facilitators have been in contact with Rossi himself and asked if they could get some ecat units for testing. The facilitators wrote that Rossi is open to the idea but he has said he would only make his technology available after certification.

Conceptual drawing of a Celani Reactor courtesy Martin Fleischmann Memorial Project

The Project is trying to get access to some other LENR technology including the Jet Energy NANOR (the device that has been tested at MIT) and Brillouin’s LENR boiler technology. It appears that the investors behind that technology have not agreed to provide their devices to the project.

The Project has a new and rather misleading name for its technology they call it the New Fire. Since LENR is not fire but rather an electrochemical reaction I’m not sure the name is accurate even if it sounds very cool.

The Project has currently raised $7,090 towards its goal of raising $500,000 to fund research. It is also trying to get a crowd fund raising initiative going. In such an initiative large numbers of people donate small amounts of money to the cause. They believe that such an initiative is necessary because of the institutional biases that govern mainstream science. The Project is trying to remain transparent by posting a spread sheet outlining some of its costs online.

So far it has spent about $521.872 on website related expenses and corporation fees. Interesting the corporation fees are listed in British pound sterling so that is an indication this effort might be based in the UK and have something to do with Kressen which has a business plan built around the Celani reactor. Kressen is based in Maidenhead, Berkshire in the United Kingdom.

Crowd fund raising or crowd sourcing might be the best answer because it frees the organization from domination by one group or organization. It also provides LENR researchers with a source of money that bureaucrats can’t shut down. Many past experiments have been shut down because college administrators have been able to call their golf buddies and get the funding pulled so the institution won’t be embarrassed.

It goes without saying that some sort of crowd based investment might also work for LENR. Persons could donate a small amount of money and get a share of stock. Such an effort would be difficult in the USA because of the rules set down by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for corporations.

It looks like the Project is on the right track although I would like to see a little more transparency from it. For example the location of the European Celani cell replication, the site simply says EU (the European Union). Since the EU is a big place encompassing dozens of countries that doesn’t help us locate this. Nor does it say whether this replication has is associated with STMicroelectronics reported efforts to replicate the Celani reactor.

Hopefully this effort will continue and gain momentum. Also hopefully other inventors will put the data being gathered by the creators of the New Fire to good use.

Rossi: Work in E-Cat Factories ‘Never Been So Intense’

Going by the latest comments by Andrea Rossi says, what he and his associates see, and what we, the waiting public see are quite different things. E-Cat enthusiasts (and some skeptics) are looking for even the tiniest glimpse, or a 3rd party report a plant in action, but nothing recent has been produced.
(from e-catworld.com)

On the Journal of Nuclear Physics, Steven Karels asked if Andrea Rossi might ignite the world’s imagination by putting on a demonstration of a self-sustaining plant in action and silence the critics who say he has nothing.

True to form, Rossi rejected the idea and commented:

1- we are working very strong to manufacture our plants. In our factories the work has never been so intense as it is in this period. Therefore the E-Cats, that soon will hit the market, will not fade, be sure. If there is around somebody saying the contrary, let them talk, while we work.
2- the report of the indipendent third party will be published, as I always said. Whatever the result
3- the efficiency and the convenience of the E-Cats is very simple to measure: the Customer looks how much energy consumes and how much energy produces: it is not difficult.

Understandably people are eager to know whether this miracle technology is real or not — but Andrea Rossi does not seem to be interested in satisfying our curiosity before he is ready to move. If he wants to work in peace the current situation probably suits him fine.

Scientists confirm surprisingly small proton radius

Aldo Antognini and Franz Kottmann in PSI’s large experimental hall. Credit: Paul Scherrer InstituteThe initial results puzzled the world three years ago: the size of the proton (to be precise, its charge radius), measured in exotic hydrogen, in which the electron orbiting the nucleus is replaced by a negatively charged muon, yielded a value significantly smaller than the one from previous investigations of regular hydrogen or electron-proton-scattering. A new measurement by the same team confirms the value of the electric charge radius and makes it possible for the first time to determine the magnetic radius of the proton via laser spectroscopy of muonic hydrogen (from rdmag.com).

The experiments were carried out at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Villigen, Switzerland, which is the only research institute in the world providing the necessary amount of muons. The international collaboration included the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics (MPQ) in Garching near Munich, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Zurich, the University of Fribourg, the Institut für Strahlwerkzeuge (IFSW) of the Universität Stuttgart, and Dausinger & Giesen GmbH, Stuttgart. The new results fuel the debate as to whether the discrepancies observed can be explained by standard physics, for example an incomplete understanding of the systematic errors that are inherent to all measurements, or whether they are due to new physics.

The hydrogen atom has played a key role in the investigation of the fundamental laws of physics. Hydrogen consists of a single positively charged proton orbited by a negatively charged electron, a model whose success in explaining spectroscopy data dates back to its proposal by Bohr in 1913. The energy levels of this simplest of atoms can be predicted with excellent precision from the theory of quantum electrodynamics. However, the calculations have to take into account that—in contrast to the point-like electron—the proton is an extended object with a finite size, made of three quarks bound by so-call ‘gluons’. Therefore, the electric charge as well as the magnetism of the proton is distributed over a certain volume. The extended nature of the proton causes a shift of the energy levels in hydrogen. Hence the electric and the magnetic charge radii can be deduced from a measurement of the level shifts.

In 2010, the first results on the spectroscopic determination of the shift of the so-called 2S energy level in muonic hydrogen were published. The exotic atoms were generated by bombarding a target of regular hydrogen with muons from an accelerator at PSI. Muons behave a lot like electrons, except for their mass: muons are 200 times heavier than electrons. The atomic orbit of the muon is therefore much closer to the proton than the electron’s orbit in a regular hydrogen atom. This results in a much larger sensitivity of the muon’s energy level to the proton size and hence to a stronger shift of the energy levels. Measuring the level shifts is very technologically demanding: muonic hydrogen is very short-lived (muons decay after about two millionths of a second), so the light pulses for the excitation of the resonance have to be fired onto the hydrogen target only nanoseconds after the detection of a muon. The new disk laser technology developed by the Institut für Strahlwerkzeuge (IFSW) of the Universität Stuttgart was an important element to fulfil this requirement. The lasers necessary for exciting the resonance were developed by the Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics in cooperation with the Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (Paris).

In the experiment described in the newly published Science article, the energy shift was determined for another transition. This leads to a new measurement of the electric charge radius of the proton. Its value of 0.84087(39) femtometers (1 fm = 0.000 000 000 000 001 meter) is in good agreement with the one published in 2010, but 1.7 times as precise. The discrepancy with existing radius measurements made in regular hydrogen or by electron-proton-scattering, the so-called proton size puzzle, has thus been reaffirmed. In addition, the new measurement allows a determination of the magnetic radius of the proton for the first time by laser spectroscopy of muonic hydrogen. This results in a value of 0.87(6) femtometers, in agreement with all previous measurements. Though the precision is, at present, of the same order as in other experiments, laser spectroscopy of muonic hydrogen has the potential of achieving a much better accuracy in the determination of the magnetic proton radius in the future.

Background
Physicists around the world are actively seeking a solution to the proton size puzzle. Previous measurements in regular hydrogen and by electron-proton-scattering are being reanalyzed and even repeated. Theorists of various disciplines suggested ways to explain the discrepancy. Very interesting proposals explain the discrepancies by physics beyond the standard model. Other explanations suggest a proton structure of higher complexity than assumed today which only reveals itself under the influence of the heavy muon. New measurements are needed to check on these possibilities. Muon-proton-scattering experiments are being developed at PSI, new precision measurements at the electron accelerator in Mainz are being considered, and the PSI team plans to measure, for the first time ever, laser spectroscopy of the muonic helium atom in the course of this year.

The required modifications of the current laser system are being investigated in the frame of the project “Thin-disk laser for muonic atoms spectroscopy” which (financed by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)) is carried out at the ETH Zürich (Prof. Dr. Klaus Kirch, Dr. Aldo Antognini) and at the IFSW (Prof. Dr. Thomas Graf, Dr. Andreas Voß). The Project “Muonic Helium” is also generously supported by the European Research Council (ERC) by an ERC Starting Grant held by Dr. Randolf Pohl from the MPQ in Garching.